Allergy Testing: Types,
Risks, and Next Steps
Allergy testing is a simple test performed by a specialist to determine if you are allergic to certain substances. The test can be a blood test or a skin test, where a small sample of the skin is placed on or under the skin.
The immune system is your body’s defense. Allergies occur when the body overreacts to harmless substances in the environment, such as pollen. It can cause symptoms such as:
- Runny nose
- Sneezing
- Sinus congestion
- Watery eyes
- Coughing or wheezing
How allergy testing is performed?
An allergy test may involve either a skin test or a blood test.
Skin Tests
Skin tests help identify what you’re allergic to, including allergens from the air, food, or things that touch your skin. There are three types: scratch tests, intradermal tests, and patch tests.
- Scratch Test:
This is usually the first test your doctor will try. A liquid containing the allergen is placed on your skin, and a special tool gently scratches it into your skin’s surface. If your skin gets red, swollen, or itchy at the spot, it means you’re allergic to that allergen. - Intradermal Test:
If the scratch test doesn’t give clear results, your doctor might do this test. A tiny amount of the allergen is injected just under your skin, and your reaction is closely watched. - Patch Test:
This test is used to check for allergic skin reactions, like contact dermatitis. Adhesive patches with allergens are placed on your skin. You’ll keep these on when you leave the doctor’s office. Your doctor will check the patches after 48 hours and again 72–96 hours later to see if your skin reacted.
Blood Tests:
If there’s a risk of a severe reaction or if you can’t do a skin test, your doctor may suggest a blood test. A sample of your blood is tested in a lab to check for special antibodies (called IgE antibodies) that respond to specific allergens. This test, called ImmunoCAP, is highly accurate and helps identify major allergens.
About This
Service
Skin test results are ready in minutes; blood test results take days.
Stop antihistamines, inform your doctor about all medications or supplements.
Mild reactions like redness, swelling, or itching; severe reactions are very rare.
A lab analyzes your blood for IgE antibodies that react to specific allergens.
Scratch, intradermal, and patch tests are used to detect different allergens.
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